DHCP is a software utility that enables a network router to dynamically assign IP addresses from a predefined list to devices on a network and limit the usage period of those addresses so they can be reassigned. Without DHCP, an IT manager would have to manually enter all the IP addresses of all the computers on the network. But if DHCP is used, whenever a computer logs onto the network, an IP address is automatically assigned to it.

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DNS is a software program that translates Internet URLs to IP addresses by accessing a database maintained on a collection of Internet servers. Every Web site has its own IP address on the Internet. But IP addresses are specified in a numeric format. The DNS program works in the background to facilitate surfing the Web with meaningful alpha character sequences, rather than numeric addresses. So, for example, a DNS server converts a name like "mywebsite.com" to an IP address 107.22.55.26.